Islam is the backbone of Human Civilisation
Main lines of the research

Coran is the Backbone of the human civilisation. It has a great role in building the scientific thinking. It has also changed the human map and eradicated the idea of man 's exploitation of man.
The Ibadat for example allow  the Muslim to get near his creator Allah. Moreover these Ibadat ,have a strong impact on our daily life.
 That' s why Islam preaches:  -" I 1 ) A good relationship among Muslims (The Muslim in his family, in the Muslim society and in the largest human society).
2) 1t also preaches an orderly relationship with the Universe since it asks the Muslim to exploit his knowledge to extract the riches of the Universe and benefit from them.
3) It also preaches an orderly relation with life: Muslims are asked to 1ive an honest life.

The result of these preaching led to the elevation of the Arab Nation from darkness into light. Arabia which was inhabited by Poor shepherd people, roaming in its deserts has become world notable. Within one century afterwards Arabia was at Granada on one hand and at Delhi on the other. Geniuses sprang every where in Various domains: Chemistry, medicine, astrology, physics,
mathematics, architecture, etc. . .

 

our subject is about Islam and how a Muslim should behave towards his creator Allah, how he should behave in the human society as a whole and at last how he should  behave towards this Universe.
    From the beginning of mankind on the face of the earth, revelations came to God ' s chosen prophets; Adam was the first man as weIl as the first prophet. The last prophet was Muhammad (PBUH). And in between thousands of prophets were sent to people in different lands and periods of history . All these prophets taught basically the same message: Absolute oneness and uniqueness of Allah.
Islam considers the whole humanity as one family. That's why the prophet, God ' s peace and blessings be upon him, has said at the farewell Pilgrimage: "O! people, Your Lord is One and your father is one. AlI of you are traced back to Adam, and Adam was created from dust. No privilege of a certain person over the other save by righteous deeds".
Also in chapter two Al Bakara verse 136 the Coran reads: قولوا ….
" Say we believe in Allah, and the revelation given to us and to Abraham, Ismail, Isaac, Jacob, and the tribes, and that given to Moses and Jesus and that given to prophets from their Lord: we make no difference between one and another of them and we bow to Allah in Islam".
Muslims 'position is clear: Islam is the same religion, preached by all the earlier prophets: Allah Almighty says in chapter 42 Ashuret verse 13.
شرع لكم من الدين ما أوص ...
" H e has ordained for men the faith H e has revealed to you and formerly enjoined on Noah and Abraham, on Moses and Jesus, saying: observe this Faith and be united in it" .
   After this Introduction I am going to move to the relation between Allah and the human being.
The Coran teaches that the human existence on earth isn 't a punishment for eating from the forbidden tree. That event is regarded as an experiential lesson for Adams and Eve before they came to Earth. ln chapter Al bakara 2-30 we understand that it was Allah 's plan to establish human life and civilisation on Earth.
وإذ قال ربك للملائكة ...
.. w hen .Your Lord said to the Angels.. "1 am placing on the earth one that shall rule as My deputy", they replied.. "will you put there one that will do evil and shed blood, when we have for so long sung Your praises and sanctified Your name ? he said:”I know what you don’t know”
  Allah created us to be His trustee on earth. Our basic trust is to worship Allah. Worship for the Muslim is in accordance with the will of Allah for the benefit of oneself and of humanity at large. And God will reward those who show gratitude to Him by submitting to his will. God ' s will lies in learning God ' s commands and prohibitions and follow his prophet Mohammed (P.B.U.H).
 A Muslim is one who submits to God; and this is done . First of aIl, by acknowledging and declaring that: There is no God except Allah and Mohammed (P .B.U .H) is the Messenger of God".
. Second, by making prayers five times a day. The Muslim stands witthin the arms of his creator after baving washed and worn clean clothes. There is no intermediary between the man and his creator who is closer to him than his jugular vein as  the Coran says. This regular contact with God makes the Muslim God conscious and therefore he avoids lewdness and enormities. Mohammed (P.B.U.H) said "Prayers prohibit lewdness and abomination" And of course the reward is great in the hereafter. The Coran reads in chapter Al Bakara 2.10.
وأقيموا الصلاة وآتوا الزكاة ....
" Be steadfast in prayer and give charity,. and whatever good you send forth for your souls before you, you shall find it with Allah: For Allah sees well all that you do" . 
  Third, submission to God ' s will is also demonstrated by the Muslim in giving charity which is called: Zakat. Zakat literally means a purification of the wealth of a person. It is a portion taken from wealth and given to the poor, it is a sign of brotherhood in Islam. It eliminates greed from hearts and consolidates the Islamic economy. Besides, it is a means of attaining Allah's mercy. Allah says in chapter Al A'raf7.-15"
ورحمتي وسعت كل شيء ....
"My Mercy extendth to alI things.- I shall ordain it to those who do right and practise regular charity and believe in our signs"¯ . Another act of Submission to Allah lies in fasting Ramadan. Ramadan is a month of fast from sunrise to Sunset.
It is a month during which the believers learn to curb their desires and check them against transgression, extravagance, and the yielding to the lower desires. Fast fosters a strongwill, teaches patience, self discipline and equality before Allah. Muslims strengthen their ties with Allah, since they express through fasting an obedience to Allah 's will. They also strengthen their ties with each other since Ramadan is the month of giving.
Some will find fasting a whole month a hardship. But in fact the Almighty does not gain any benefit from putting hardship on anyone; On the contrary , He always tries to pave the way to happiness for His servants in this life and the life to come, and sometimes He even  pushes them to do what is
good for them, as in making the fast obligatory on every believing and healthy man or woman. This experience acts as a healing for the human soul as well as the human body, and the recompenseof God is  great: The Messenger of Allah Mohammed (P.B.U.H) said :" who ever fasts during Ramadan
out of firm belief and a sincere desire to please Allah will have his past and future sins forgiven" . The last pillar of Islam is Hajj. Hajj is also another proof of obedience to Allah 's will. Muslims leave their families, properties and head to Mecca for answering Allah' s calI to this secure land. It's a spirit cleansing to stand among Muslims with different languages, nationalities and colour praying Allah. The recompense of an accepted Hajj is complete forgiveness of all the committed sins. 
  Before moving to the next part of my subject l would emphasise on the good relationship between the Almighty Allah and the human being which is revealed throughout the Coran, In chapter AL-Zumor 39- Verse 53 the Coran reads قل يا عبادي الذين أرفوا على أنفسهم لاتقنطوا من رحمة الله إن الله يغفر الدنوب جميعا إنه هو الغفور الرحيم
 Say: "O My servants who have transgressed against their souls ! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah .. For Allah forgivesall sins : For He is oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful".

  My next chapter is about the relationship among Muslims and in the largest human  society .As l said before, worship for the Muslim is in accordance
with the will of Allah for the benefit of oneself and humanity at large. Allah says in Al Hojorat 49-12.
ياأيها الناس إنا خلقناكم من ذكر وأنثى
" Men, we have created you from a male and a female and divided you into nations and tribes that you might get to know one another. The noblest of you in Allah 's sight is he who fears Him most. Allah is wise and all-knowing".
W e find in the Coran regulations of every tiny aspect of our life. And the purpose of this life is to attain the best of this world and of the other world and that will be possible only if; we discipline our lives to fit in with God's way.so what is God'way?
  I am going to shed lights on certain aspects on  God' s  way.
First Allah insists on a good relation among Muslims . Parents corne at the top of the list : chapter Al israa  verses 23-24 وقضى ربك ألا تعبدوا إلا إياه وبالوالدين إحسانا
" Your lord has decreed that you worship none but Him, and that you be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repeal them, but address them in terms of honour. And out of kindness, lower to them the wing of humility and say .. My lord! Bestow on them your Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood"

  But at the sarne tirne a Muslirn should stand out firmly for justice even against hirnself , his parents or his kin. The Almighty God says in chapter 4 Annisa' a verse 135 ياأيها الذين أمنوا كونوا قوامين بالقسط "O you  who beleive! stand out firmly for justice as witnesses to Allah, even as against yourselves, or your parents, or your kin, or whether it be rich or poor: For Allah can best protect both, Follow not the lust ( of your hearts) lest ,you swerve. And if you distort justice, verily Allah is weIl acquainted with aIl that you do".
  And contrarily to what is said about Islam's oppression of women, Allah has insisted on a nice relationship between a husband and his wife. Allah (S.A. W.) says in chapter 30 ARROUM verse 21 :ونت آياته أن خلق لكم من أنفسكم أزواجا لتسكنوا إليها وجعل بينكم مودة ورحمة ‘ن في ذلك لآية لقوم يتفكرون
"And among his signs that he created for you mates from among yourselves that you may live in tranquillity with them and has put love and mercy between you,. verily in that are signs for people who reflect". Also in another beautiful comparison in chapter Albakara2 verse 187 Allah (S.A. W) asks both husbands and wives to cover and protect each other .هن لباس لكم وأنتم لبتس لهن

"They are your garments and you are their garments (They refers to women)". Clothing covers the body so thus should the relation between a husband and his wife be; a covering and a protection of each other.
Allah (S.A. W .J) is against injustice and oppression.He declares in chapter 16 ANNAHL, verse 90.غن الله يامر بالعدل والاحسان .....
"Allah enjoins justice, kindness and charity to one's kindred, and forbids indecency, wickedness and oppression.He admonishes you so that you may take heed"               
     People before embracing Islam were known by burying their daughters alive for fear of shame. But Islam forbade this act of barbarism: Allah (S.A. W .J) says in chapter 16 ANNAHL Verse 57/58/59:وإذا بشر أحدهم بالأنثى ظل وجهه مسودا ....
" When the birth of a girl is announced to one of them, his face grows dark and he is filled with inward gloom. Because of the bad news he hides himself from men: Should he keep her with disgrace or bury her under the dust?" Also Arabs before Islam were known by killing their children for fear of poverty . God (S .A. W .J) Says in ( chapter Al An'am 6 verse 151):ولاتقتلوا أولادكم من إملاق نحن نرزقكم وإياهم
" You shall not kill your children because you cannot support them (we provide for you and for them)".                            
       Not only killing children is banned but killing in general:God says in chapter AL ISRA ' A 27 verse 33.ولاتقتلوا النفس التي حرم الله إلا بالحق ذلكم وصاكم به لعلكم تتقون
" You shall not kill for that is forbidden by Allah-except for a just cause. Thus Allah exhorts you, that you may grow in wisdom"
Allah is clear even in the nature of the relationship between Muslims and polytheists. He declares in Al Mumtahanah 60 /7-8: لاينهاكم الله عن الذين لم .........
" Allah does not forbid you to be kind and equitable to those who have neither made war on your religion nor driven you from your homes. Allah loves the equitable. But He forbids you to make friends with those who have fought against you on account of your religion and driven you from your homes or abetted others so to do. Those that make friends with them are wrongdoers" However, the people of the Scripture are granted a special consideration. Islam allows a Muslim to have a wife from among the people of the Scripture (Christians and Jews) this is to show that there is sacred bond between people of the scripture. Otherwise, why would God allow Muslims to marry Christians and Jews ? why were the Muslims saddened when the Persians defeated the Romans in Syria -AD-615 when the former were worshippers of fire and the latter were Christians ?
Allah (S.A. W .1) says in chapter ALRUM 301-2-3-4-5 آلم غلبت الروم في أدتى الارض ......
" Alif lam mim. The Greeks have been defeated in a neighbouring land. But in a few years they shall themselves gain victory : such being the will of Allah before and after.On that day the betievers will rejoice in Allah 's help. He gives victory to whom He will. He is the Mightyone, the Merciful" .
  Allah asks us to keep our promises because we are accountable for alI that we promise. ln chapter Al Isra' a 17/34 he says :وأوفوا بالعهد إن العهد كان مسؤولا
"Keep your  promises; you are accountable for aIl that you promise". Even when selling Allah asks us not to be treacherous with scales and measures. Allah (SAW1) says in Al Isra'a 17-35. وأوفوا الكيل إذا كلتم وزنوا بالقسطاس المستقيم ذلك خير وأحسن تأويلا :i "Give full measure,  when you measure and weigh with even scales, that is fair and better in the end "
Allah forbids us to tamper with the possessions of orphans.He says in Al Isra'a 17-34
ولاتقربوا مال اليتيم إلا بالتي هي أحسن حتى يبلغ أشده
"Do not interfere with the property of orphans except with the best motives until they reach maturity"
Allah asks us not to mock one another nor say evil things about each other, nor use nicknames when calling each other .
He says in chapter Al Hujurat 49-11.

ياأيها الذين آمنوا لايسخر قوم منم ....
"Believers let no man mock another man, who may perhaps be better than himself. Let no woman mock another woman, who may perhaps be better than herself. Do not defame one another, nor calI one another by nicknames".
 Allah asks us to avoid suspicion and not spy one another .
He says in Al Hujurat 49-12
يا أيها الذسن آمنوا اجتنبوا كثيرا من الظن إن بعض الظن إثم ولاتجسسوا ةلا يغتب بعضكم بعضا " Believers, avoid immoderate suspicions, for in some cases suspicion is a crime. Do not spy one another, nor backbite one another".
  Allah asks us to spread the good word. Mohammed (PBUH) said : "A good word is an act of charity".Allah (SA WJ) says in chapter Ibrahim 14/24-25
ألمترى كيف ضرب الله مثلا كلمة طيبة ..................
" Do you not see how Allah compares a good word to a good tree? Its root is firm and its branches are in the sky,. it yields its fruit in every season by Allah 's leave. Allah gives parables to men so that they may take head. "
  What l have mentioned is only a very small number of the multitude of recommendations regulating the Muslim ' s social and individual life. The Coran and the hadith(prophets'saying) didn't neglect any single aspect of life.Mohamed (PBUH) insisted on the good relationship with neighbours.He said"The Angel Gabriel kept recommending me to take care of neighbours until I thought he would appoint them heirs."Besides it is important to mention that he didn't mean only Moslim neighbours;It's reported that he visited one of his Jewish neighbours as this latter was ill.He also recommended us to like to the others what we like to ourselves.Our faith is incomplete until we consider the others as ourselves.He was asked:"What's religion?" He said:"It's fair dealing".He also said:"ALLAH loves kindness and gentle approach in all cases."Islam fights fanaticism and spreads the spirit of tolerance;"We sent thee as a mercy for all people":chapter al anbiyaa 21/107.
 And before I move to the last part of my talk I would like to say that Islam cornes from the word "Salam " which means peace. Peace in every aspect of life: No robbery, no killing, no treachery , no irresponsibility, no hatred, no revenge .A peaceful life  within the limits of Allah. 
  Then cornes the relationship between the human being and the Universe. God organises the human being's relation with theUniverse; (Heavens, earth and what is between) and orders him to benefit from it and to exploit his knowledge to extract its riches, and make them useful for him as weIl as for the rest of the humanity.
Thus the Muslim views the earth, its resources and ecology as a gift from Allah to humans to use in fulfilment of the trust for which we shall all be held responsible. That is why the Coran speaks highly of learning. The first word revealed of the Coran was "recite" or" read".
Allah says in chapter 96: Al Alak verse l  إقزأ باسم ربك الذي خلق " Recite in the name of your Lord who created" .The verb " create"  here immediately after the verb "recite "means that the Almighty God asks us to ponder over all that is created and go deep into its existence; Heavens, planets, stars, earth, the human being, animaIs, plants etc whether seen or unseen, floating in the space or in water or existing under dust.Allah (S.A. W), says in chapter Al Imraan : 190 :
إن في خلق السموات والارض واختلاف الليلوالنا ............
"In the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are signs for men of sense;those that remember Allah when standing, sitting and lying down, and reflect on the creation of the heavens and the Earth : Lord you have not created these in vain. Glory be to you!Save us from the torment of hell-fire,Lord".
Also in chapter 45 AL-Jathiya verse 1-2-3 there is also an indication of the Universe and an invitation to the learned to understand حم تنزيل الكتب من الله الغزي الحكي .............................
" Hamim. This book is revealed by  Allah, the Mighty one, the all-knowing. Surely in the heavens and the earth there are signs for the faithful ; in your creation, and in the beasts that are scattered far and  near, signs for true believers , in the alternation of night and day, in the sustenance Allah sends down from heaven with which He revives the earth after its death, and in the marshalling of the winds, signs for men of understanding. Such are the revelations of Allah. We recite them to you in aIl truth.But in what scripture will they believe, if they deny Allah Himself and His signs ? "                                           
  In AL Ankabout 29 verse 19 Allah asks people to roam the earth and see how he has conceived creation.
قل سيروا في الارض فانظروا كيف بدأ الخلق
" Say Roam the earth and see how Allah conceived creation" Allah( SA WJ) promised in chapter 41 Fussilat verse 52 to provide the human being with alI scientific means to allow him to know what Allah has fashioned in this Universe.سنريهم آياتنا في الأفاق وفي أنفسهم حتى يتبين لهم أنه الحق
" We will show them our signs in all the regions of the earth and in their own souls, until they clearly see that this is the truth".
In fact, the discoveries of modern science have highlighted the supernatural character of this religion.
The Big Bang theory for example which is now accepted as the origin of the Universe and which maintains that at one time alI of the heavens and the earth  were one piece, the monoblock as it is called. This monoblock burst at a particular time and continues to expand. This gives us the Universe of today. The Coran gives us a statement which reads in Al Anbiya'a 21-30
أو لم ير الذين كفروا أن السماوات والارض كانتا رتقا ففتقناهما وجعلنا من الماء كل شييء حي أفلا يومنون
" Have not the disbelievers seen that the heavens and the earth were one piece and we parted them ? And we made every living thing from water. Will they not  then .believe ?':As we see,there is always in Coran a relation of the universe with men's belief.Human beings are asked to understand the universe and see signs of
Allah in it.
   Another  sign of God in this Upiverse is water. We alI know due to scientific researches that the living cells are composed of about eighty percent of water; Just as this verse says : "And we made every living thing from water. Will they not then believe?" .Another sign of Allah (S.A. W.J) in His Universe is the existence of two types of seas: the sweet and the salted between which is a barrier. Allah (SA WJ) says in chapter Al Furkan 25 ;
53.هو الذي مزج البحرين هذا فرات وهذا ملح أجاج وجعل بينهما برزخا وحجرا محجورا
" It was He who sent the two seas rolling, the one sweet and fresh, the other salt and bitter, and set a rampart between them, an insurmountable barrier". The mentionning of the phenomenon of the two seas (sweet and salt)is an invitation to study the marine biology,physics,biochemistry,and hydraulic pressure.
   Throughout Coran, there are invitations to experimental sciences and open calls to the scientific community to verify the credibility of what is said on alI the Universe:"On earth, and in yourselves, there are signs for firm believers. Can you not see ?ADDARIYAT,'21".Allah wants us to make use of the blessings of this world for our progress. He has said in chapter 2 Al Bakara, verse 29:
هو الذي خلق لكم ما في الارض جميعا
"It is He who has created for you aIl things on this earth". Islam does not teach us to adopt a negative attitude to this world.On the contrary , Islam urges the human being to ponder over this Universe.Another sign of Allah in this Universe: In chapter 51, verse 47, it is mentioned that the Heavens are expanding.
And as we know expanding is connected with the "Big Bang" origin of the Universe.
والسماء بنيناها بأيد وإنا لموسعون "we built the Heaven with our might and we are expanding it".
  Another indication to Heavens and the change in atmospheric pressure at high altitudes is clear in chapter 6 AI an'am 126.
ومن يرد أن يظله صدره ضيقا حرجا كأنما يصعد في السماء " But if Allah pleases to mislead a man, he makes his bosom small and narrow as though he were climbing up to heaven"All of us know that at a particular attitude there is no oxygen.
 Another sign of ALLAH in His creation is the compatibility of modern science with what has been revealed in theCoran 1426years ago about the stages of the formation of the embryo from the mixing of the male and female gametes up to the embryo's full development.The book of the famous embryologistKeith L.Moor;'The devoloping human'whichwas published by W.B Saunders in 1987 and which was a standard University text book in the United States is a geat proof to this compatibility.
Another sign of Allah in this universe is the indication in chapter Annisaa 4/55 that the skin is the pain receptor within the body.In other words,if there is no skin there is no feeling of pain."Those that deny our revelations we will burn in hell-fire.No sooner will their skins be consumed that we shall give them other skins, so that  they they may truly taste our scourge.Allah is mighty and wise."
  Now I will move to the result of the preaching in Islam. In fact Mohamed (PBUH) gave his people a law and order they never had before and because they respected this law, they became notable geniuses ,sprang every where and in various domains, In medicine for example sprang :
_AI Razzi Abou Bakr Razes (864-932 after Christ). He has about 229 books in medicine. He is the first to speak about Diagnostic Differential.
_Ibn Sina (980-1037 after Christ) Avicenne. He was a Coran learner. He becarne famous in medicine and philosophy before he was twenty years old. He wrote more than two hundred books on medicine. The most notorious of his books is ' Canon de la medicine ' which was translated to various languages and was referred to as the medical Gospel. He was the first to discover the blood circulation in the human body. He was the first to discover the elephantiasis disease.
_AI Jarjani 1010 A.C, AL KAHAL 1039 A.C,/ Azzahraoui 1102 A. C / Ibn Rochd or A verroes / Ibn Alkhatib etc. . .
  In chemistry appeared Khalid Ibn Moawia Ibn Abi Soufien 635 A. C that is just 25 years after the revelations of Moharmed (PBUH). He worked on medicine and chemistry and excelled in them.
  _Jabir Ibn Hayan 720-813 AC one of the famous chemists. He wrote more than 200 books which were translated into international languages. His chemical theories are stilI worked within Institutes of chemistry. He was the lst to discover the balance of weighing in his scientific experiences. He made many other discoveries and was a pious man.
 _Abn Alkassim Al Majriti (9th century)/ Abu Al Manzour/ Al Mouaffak (10th century)/ Ataghrai (11th century)/ Abu Alkassim Mohammed (12th century)/ Al Jaldaki (Ali Ibn Mohammad) 1360 AC. Up to now his books on chemistry are considered as references to chemistry and others.
  In physics, geometry and Mathematics we have: Al khawarizmi (849 AC). One of his famous books is now at Oxford University .
 Al battani (Albatenius) 858 -929 AC He was one of the famous astrologists. He used Algebra, and. geometry in astrology.He wrote a book on stars. It is the first book in astrology in the 9th century . It was translated to Latin and it is now in the Vatican library and the Vatican library is proud of it.
  _Ibn Al Haitam 965-1039 who was considered as a genius in Mathematics, geometry and physics in his period. He is known as the leader in the science of light in the Il th century . He wrote more than 200 books in Mathematics, geometry and physics.
 _Kamal Addine Alfarissi (l2th century)/ Jamchid ghayath Addine al Kachibi (1436 AC) and others.
We can say that Islam elevated the people who followed Mohammed into torch-bearers of light and learning.
Alas  now, Muslims are passing through a difficult period.And the only explanation to their decline is they have gone astray. They haven 't respected the limits God has traced to them. l'Il read the verse 41 in chapter 40 AL Rum ظهر الفساد في البر والبحر بما كسبت أيدي الناس ليديقهم بعض الذي عملوا لعلهم يرجعون
"Mischief has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned, and Allah wants to give them a taste of some of their deeds, so that they may turn back from evil.